Stress and Psychopathology

It was the Canadian scientist Hans Selye, a native of Hungary, who in 1936 gave medical chart to this word, describing as "biological stress syndrome" or "general adaptation syndrome" the pathophysiological response to various noxious agents of physical, chemical or biological, such as infection, trauma, burns and bleeding.

This is a general reaction and nonspecific, as the most diverse body attacks the same result, systematized in three successive phases with their biological implications: alarm reaction or period of shock (tachycardia, tremor, insomnia), phase resistance and exhaustion phase, the latter reflected in the emergence of so-called diseases of adaptation (peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, heart disease, hypertension and others).

Faced with a threatening or aggressive agent the body reacts with the release of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and stimulation of the neuroendocrine system, especially hormone release adreno-cortico-trophic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol, substances considered as stress hormones.

Today I can study the physiological basis of stress without primary attention to the limbic system, hypothalamus, and the functioning of neurotransmitters. The passage of the connotation physiological stress due to Selye, the current psychosocial connotation is due in part to the emotional nature of stress and also the intervening role of personality typology in the context of individual and environment.

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